Addressing Types

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1) What is addressing?

Addressing is the way networks and hosts identify where data comes from and where it should go. Like a postal address on a package, network addresses tell switches/routers which path(s) to use and which device should process the payload when it arrives.

2) Address Types

Address type	Layer	Common name(s)	What it identifies
Physical / Link	Layer 2	MAC address, physical address, EUI-48	A hardware interface on the local link (Ethernet/Wi-Fi)
Logical / Network	Layer 3	IP address, host address, interface address	A host or interface identity used for inter-network routing
Application	Layer 4+	Port, socket	A specific service or application on a host (e.g., HTTP on port 80)

3) Physical vs Logical Addressing

Feature	Physical Addressing	Logical Addressing
Layer (OSI)	Data Link (Layer 2)	Network (Layer 3)
Example	MAC: 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E	IP: 192.168.1.10
Format/Length	48-bit hex (MAC), tied to NIC	IPv4 (32-bit), IPv6 (128-bit)
Assignment	Burned in by manufacturer (can be changed)	Assigned manually, via DHCP, or autoconfig
Used by	Switches & NICs	Routers
Changeability	Usually fixed (unless spoofed)	Can change if host moves networks

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Keywords

Physical Addressing, Logical Addressing, MAC Address, IP Address, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, OSI Model, Hardware Identifier, Software Identifier, Encapsulation, Decapsulation, ARP, NDP, Local Scope, Global Scope, Switch, Router, Port Number, Address Resolution, Nerd Cafe , نرد کافه

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